Astroloji
Na astroloji kei vakadidike ni kalokalo e dua na iwalewale ni daucakaiba, kilai me pseudovakadidike mai na ika 18 senitiuri, ka vakatura ni itukutuku me baleta na veika vakatamata kei na veika e yaco e vuravura e rawa ni kilai ena kena vulici na itutu e laurai ni veika vakalomalagi. Na veimataqali itovo vakavanua era sa vakayagataka na veimataqali vakadidike ni kalokalo mai na lailai duadua ni ika 2 mileniumi BCE, na ivalavala oqo sa tekivu mai na ivakarau ni kaleda e vakayagataki me tukuni kina na veisau ni gauna kei na kena vakadewataki na veisau vakasilesitieli me ivakatakilakila ni veitaratara vakalou.
E levu, ke sega kece, na itovo vakavanua era vakabibitaka na ka era raica mai lomalagi, eso tale —me vakataki ira na Idia, Jaina, kei ira na Maya —era bulia na ivakarau matailalai me tukuni kina na veika e yaco e vuravura mai na veika era raica mai lomalagi. astroloji kei ra, e dua na ivakarau makawa duadua ni vakadidike ni kalokalo e se vakayagataki tiko ga, e rawa ni kunei na kena vu ena ika 19–17 senitiuri BCE, mai Mesopotemia, mai na vanua e tete kina Kirisi Makawa, Roma, vuravura vaka-Isireli, qai yaco sara ina Loma kei Ra Iurope. Na astroloji ni ra ena gauna oqo e dau semati vata kei na ivakarau ni horosikopu e tukuna me vakamacalataka eso na tiki ni nona itovo e dua qai tukuna na veika bibi ena nona bula me yavutaki ena itutu ni veika vakasilesitieli; e levu vei ira na dauastroloji ni kalokalo era dau vakararavi ena ituvatuva vaka oqo.[1]
Ena kena itukutuku taucoko, na astroloji e tiko na kena dauvakacaca, veisisivi kei na dauvakatitiqa era saqata ena vuku ni itovo, lotu, vakapolitiki, kei vuna vakatovotovo.[2][3][4] Ia, ni bera na gauna ni Veivakararamataki, astroloji e dau okati me dua na itovo vakavanua vakavuku qai dau vakayagataki vakalevu ena veivanua vuli, e dau veiwekani voleka kei maliwalala, meteololoji, wainimate, kei alkimia.[5] E tiko ena veivanua vakapolitiki qai cavuti ena veimataqali ivola, mai Dante Alighieri kei Geoffrey Chaucer ki William Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, kei Pedro Calderón de la Barca. ena gauna ni Veivakararamataki, ia, sa yali na kena itutu na vakadidike ni kalokalo me dua na vanua e dodonu me ra vakaitavi kina na vuku.[6][7]
Ni oti na icavacava ni ika 19 senitiuri kei kena vakayagataki vakalevu na iwalewale vakasaenisi, era sa rawata na dauvakadidike mera bolea na astroloji ena rua na vakasama[8][9]kei vanua ni veivakatovolei,[10][11] ka ra sa vakaraitaka ni sega na kena dodonu vakasaenisi se kaukauwa veivakamacala.[12] Astroloji vakakina na kena yali na kena itutu vakavuli kei na vakasama ena Vuravura kei Ra, kei na vakabauta raraba kina sa lutu sobu vakalevu, me yacova e dua na tomani tikoga ni tucaketale ka tekivu ena 1960s.[13]
Veitikina
[veisau | edit source]- ↑ Bennett 2007, p. 83.
- ↑ Hughes 2004, p. 87.
- ↑ Pigliucci 2024.
- ↑ Fernandez-Beanato, Damian (2020). "Cicero's demarcation of science: a report of shared criteria". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A. 83: 97–102. Bibcode:2020SHPSA..83...97F. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.04.002. PMID 32958286. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Kassell, Lauren (5 May 2010). "Stars, spirits, signs: towards a history of astrology 1100–1800". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 41 (2): 67–69. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.04.001. PMID 20513617.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPorter-2001 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRutkin-2006 - ↑ Biswas, Mallik & Vishveshwara 1989, p. 249.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedReidel-1978 - ↑ Carlson, Shawn (1985). "A double-blind test of astrology" (PDF). Nature. 318 (6045): 419–425. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..419C. doi:10.1038/318419a0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Zarka 2011.
- ↑ Bennett 2007.
- ↑ Pingree, David E.; Gilbert, Robert Andrew (14 February 2025). "Astrology - Astrology in modern times". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and there its position among the sciences. Its continued legitimacy is demonstrated by the fact that some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology. In the West, however, Newtonian physics and Enlightenment rationalism largely eradicated the widespread belief in astrology, yet Western astrology is far from dead, as demonstrated by the strong popular following it gained in the 1960s.